Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Agricultural Sciences

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    Evolutionary conservation of apoptosis mechanisms: Lepidopteran and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are inhibitors of mammalian caspase-9

    Qihong Huang, Quinn L. Deveraux, Susumu Maeda, Guy S. Salvesen, Henning R. Stennicke, Bruce D. Hammock, and John C. Reed

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1427-1432; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1427

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Synergy in a medicinal plant: Antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5′-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor

    Frank R. Stermitz, Peter Lorenz, Jeanne N. Tawara, Lauren A. Zenewicz, and Kim Lewis

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1433-1437; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030540597
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    Climate and infectious disease: Use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement

    • From the Cover

    Brad Lobitz, Louisa Beck, Anwar Huq, Byron Wood, George Fuchs, A. S. G. Faruque, and Rita Colwell

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1438-1443; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1438

• Biochemistry

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    Molecular computation: RNA solutions to chess problems

    • From the Cover

    Dirk Faulhammer, Anthony R. Cukras, Richard J. Lipton, and Laura F. Landweber

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1385-1389; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1385

    See companion article:

    • Computation with biomolecules

      - Feb 15, 2000
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    The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2

    Lutfi Abu-Elheiga, William R. Brinkley, Ling Zhong, Subrahmanyam S. Chirala, Gebretateos Woldegiorgis, and Salih J. Wakil

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1444-1449; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1444
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    A structural basis for integrin activation by the cytoplasmic tail of the α_IIb-subunit

    Olga Vinogradova, Tom Haas, Edward F. Plow, and Jun Qin

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1450-1455; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040548197
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    Human aspartic protease memapsin 2 cleaves the β-secretase site of β-amyloid precursor protein

    Xinli Lin, Gerald Koelsch, Shili Wu, Debbie Downs, Azar Dashti, and Jordan Tang

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1456-1460; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1456
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    Consequences of placing an intramolecular crosslink in myosin S1

    Kunihiko Konno, Kathleen Ue, Mikhail Khoroshev, Hugo Martinez, Bruce Ray, and Manuel F. Morales

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1461-1466; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030523997
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    Three-dimensional modeling of and ligand docking to vitamin D receptor ligand binding domain

    Keiko Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Masuno, Mihwa Choi, Kinichi Nakashima, Tetsuya Taga, Hiroshi Ooizumi, Kazuhiko Umesono, Wanda Sicinska, Janeen VanHooke, Hector F. DeLuca, and Sachiko Yamada

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1467-1472; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020522697
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    Self-assembly of large, ordered lamellae from non-bilayer lipids and integral membrane proteins in vitro

    Ilian Simidjiev, Svetla Stoylova, Heinz Amenitsch, Tamás Jávorfi, László Mustárdy, Peter Laggner, Andreas Holzenburg, and Győző Garab

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1473-1476; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1473
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    Folding and activity of circularly permuted forms of a polytopic membrane protein

    Rudolf Beutler, Francesco Ruggiero, and Bernhard Erni

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1477-1482; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0305463397
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    A regulator of G protein signaling interaction surface linked to effector specificity

    Mathew E. Sowa, Wei He, Theodore G. Wensel, and Olivier Lichtarge

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1483-1488; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030409597
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    Role of endocytosis in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade by sequestering and nonsequestering G protein-coupled receptors

    Kristen L. Pierce, Stuart Maudsley, Yehia Daaka, Louis M. Luttrell, and Robert J. Lefkowitz

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1489-1494; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1489
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    Positive and negative regulation of endogenous genes by designed transcription factors

    Roger R. Beerli, Birgit Dreier, and Carlos F. Barbas III

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1495-1500; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040552697
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    Host factor Hfq of Escherichia coli stimulates elongation of poly(A) tails by poly(A) polymerase I

    Eliane Hajnsdorf and Philippe Régnier

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1501-1505; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040549897
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    Allosteric inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization discovered via combinatorial chemistry

    Kirk McMillan, Marc Adler, Douglas S. Auld, John J. Baldwin, Eric Blasko, Leslie J. Browne, Daniel Chelsky, David Davey, Ronald E. Dolle, Keith A. Eagen, Shawn Erickson, Richard I. Feldman, Charles B. Glaser, Cornell Mallari, Michael M. Morrissey, Michael H. J. Ohlmeyer, Gonghua Pan, John F. Parkinson, Gary B. Phillips, Mark A. Polokoff, Nolan H. Sigal, Ronald Vergona, Marc Whitlow, Tish A. Young, and James J. Devlin

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1506-1511; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1506
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    Methionine-independent initiation of translation in the capsid protein of an insect RNA virus

    • From the Cover

    Jun Sasaki and Nobuhiko Nakashima

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1512-1515; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.010426997
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    Studies on the role of the hydrophobic domain of Ost4p in interactions with other subunits of yeast oligosaccharyl transferase

    Hyun Kim, Hangil Park, Lucy Montalvo, and William J. Lennarz

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1516-1520; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556797
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    Coupling between protein folding and allostery in the GroE chaperonin system

    Ofer Yifrach and Amnon Horovitz

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1521-1524; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040449997
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    Transition-state structure as a unifying basis in protein-folding mechanisms: Contact order, chain topology, stability, and the extended nucleus mechanism

    Alan R. Fersht

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1525-1529; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1525
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    A double-hexamer archaeal minichromosome maintenance protein is an ATP-dependent DNA helicase

    James P. J. Chong, Mariko K. Hayashi, Martha N. Simon, Rui-Ming Xu, and Bruce Stillman

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1530-1535; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030539597

    See companion article:

    • Insights into DNA replication from the third domain of life

      - Mar 14, 2000
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    A 9-nt segment of a cellular mRNA can function as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and when present in linked multiple copies greatly enhances IRES activity

    Stephen A. Chappell, Gerald M. Edelman, and Vincent P. Mauro

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1536-1541; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1536

• Biophysics

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    The elasticity and failure of fluid-filled cellular solids: Theory and experiment

    M. Warner, B. L. Thiel, and A. M. Donald

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1370-1375; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020501797
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    Determination of the binding sites of the proton transfer inhibitors Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in bacterial reaction centers

    H. L. Axelrod, E. C. Abresch, M. L. Paddock, M. Y. Okamura, and G. Feher

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1542-1547; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1542
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    Identification of the proton pathway in bacterial reaction centers: Replacement of Asp-M17 and Asp-L210 with Asn reduces the proton transfer rate in the presence of Cd²⁺

    M. L. Paddock, G. Feher, and M. Y. Okamura

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1548-1553; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1548
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    Femtosecond resolution of ligand-heme interactions in the high-affinity quinol oxidase bd: A di-heme active site?

    Marten H. Vos, Vitaliy B. Borisov, Ursula Liebl, Jean-Louis Martin, and Alexander A. Konstantinov

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1554-1559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030528197

• Cell Biology

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    The Golgi-associated COPI-coated buds and vesicles contain β/γ-actin

    Ferran Valderrama, Ana Luna, Teresa Babià, José A. Martínez-Menárguez, José Ballesta, Holger Barth, Christine Chaponnier, Jaime Renau-Piqueras, and Gustavo Egea

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1560-1565; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1560
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    RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism

    Ji Li, Ildiko Sarosi, Xiao-Qiang Yan, Sean Morony, Casey Capparelli, Hong-Lin Tan, Susan McCabe, Robin Elliott, Sheila Scully, Gwyneth Van, Stephen Kaufman, Shao-Chieh Juan, Yu Sun, John Tarpley, Laura Martin, Kathleen Christensen, James McCabe, Paul Kostenuik, Hailing Hsu, Frederick Fletcher, Colin R. Dunstan, David L. Lacey, and William J. Boyle

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1566-1571; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1566
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    A functional genetic screen identifies regions at the C-terminal tail and death-domain of death-associated protein kinase that are critical for its proapoptotic activity

    Tal Raveh, Hanna Berissi, Miriam Eisenstein, Taly Spivak, and Adi Kimchi

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1572-1577; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020519497
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    Survival function of ERK1/2 as IL-3-activated, staurosporine-resistant Bcl2 kinases

    Xingming Deng, Peter Ruvolo, Boyd Carr, and W. Stratford May Jr.

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1578-1583; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1578
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    The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest

    Sa Wang, Min Guo, Honghai Ouyang, Xiaoling Li, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Akihiro Kurimasa, David J. Chen, Zvi Fuks, C. Clifton Ling, and Gloria C. Li

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1584-1588; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1584
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    Aggregation of huntingtin in yeast varies with the length of the polyglutamine expansion and the expression of chaperone proteins

    Sylvia Krobitsch and Susan Lindquist

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1589-1594; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1589
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    Neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiates phenylephrine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in primary cardiomyocytes via NPY Y5 receptors

    Corinne Pellieux, Thérèse Sauthier, Andrea Domenighetti, Donald J. Marsh, Richard D. Palmiter, Hans-R. Brunner, and Thierry Pedrazzini

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1595-1600; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030533197
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    Myeloblastin is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-responsive gene conferring factor-independent growth to hematopoietic cells

    Pierre G. Lutz, Christel Moog-Lutz, Edith Coumau-Gatbois, Ladan Kobari, Yolande Di Gioia, and Yvon E. Cayre

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1601-1606; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1601

• Developmental Biology

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    neurogenin3 is required for the development of the four endocrine cell lineages of the pancreas

    Gérard Gradwohl, Andrée Dierich, Marianne LeMeur, and François Guillemot

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1607-1611; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1607
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    Efficient studies of long-distance Bmp5 gene regulation using bacterial artificial chromosomes

    Ralph J. DiLeone, Gregory A. Marcus, Michelle D. Johnson, and David M. Kingsley

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1612-1617; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1612
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    Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation

    Takeharu Nagai, Jun Aruga, Osamu Minowa, Takashi Sugimoto, Yoshiki Ohno, Tetsuo Noda, and Katsuhiko Mikoshiba

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1618-1623; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1618
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    Endogenous expression of Müllerian inhibiting substance in early postnatal rat Sertoli cells requires multiple steroidogenic factor-1 and GATA-4-binding sites

    Koji Watanabe, Trent R. Clarke, Andrew H. Lane, Xinzhong Wang, and Patricia K. Donahoe

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1624-1629; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1624

• Ecology

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    Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species

    David W. Inouye, Billy Barr, Kenneth B. Armitage, and Brian D. Inouye

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1630-1633; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1630
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    Chemical defense against predation in an insect egg

    Thomas Eisner, Maria Eisner, Carmen Rossini, Vikram K. Iyengar, Braden L. Roach, Eva Benedikt, and Jerrold Meinwald

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1634-1639; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030532797

• Evolution

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    Biodiversity of Costa Rican salamanders: Implications of high levels of genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure for species formation

    • Inaugural Article

    Mario García-París, David A. Good, Gabriela Parra-Olea, and David B. Wake

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1640-1647; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1640

    See companion article:

    • QnAs with David B. Wake

      - Aug 28, 2017
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    High relatedness and inbreeding at the origin of eusociality in gall-inducing thrips

    T. W. Chapman, B. J. Crespi, B. D. Kranz, and M. P. Schwarz

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1648-1650; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020510097
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    Population genetics of Ice Age brown bears

    • From the Cover

    Jennifer A. Leonard, Robert K. Wayne, and Alan Cooper

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1651-1654; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040453097

    See companion article:

    • Of bears, conservation genetics, and the value of time travel

      - Feb 15, 2000
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    Hox cluster genomics in the horn shark, Heterodontus francisci

    Chang-Bae Kim, Chris Amemiya, Wendy Bailey, Kazuhiko Kawasaki, Jason Mezey, Webb Miller, Shinsei Minoshima, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Günter Wagner, and Frank Ruddle

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1655-1660; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030539697
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    Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees

    Xiaolei Hu, Harold S. Margolis, Robert H. Purcell, James Ebert, and Betty H. Robertson

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1661-1664; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1661

• Genetics

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    In vitro cloning of complex mixtures of DNA on microbeads: Physical separation of differentially expressed cDNAs

    Sydney Brenner, Steven R. Williams, Eric H. Vermaas, Thorsten Storck, Keith Moon, Christie McCollum, Jen-I Mao, Shujun Luo, James J. Kirchner, Sam Eletr, Robert B. DuBridge, Timothy Burcham, and Glenn Albrecht

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1665-1670; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1665
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    Suppression of chromosome segregation defects of Escherichia coli muk mutants by mutations in topoisomerase I

    James A. Sawitzke and Stuart Austin

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1671-1676; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030528397
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    Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase CA VB: Differences in tissue distribution and pattern of evolution from those of CA VA suggest distinct physiological roles

    Gul N. Shah, David Hewett-Emmett, Jeffrey H. Grubb, Mary C. Migas, Robert E. Fleming, Abdul Waheed, and William S. Sly

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1677-1682; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1677
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    Nonlinearity in genetic decoding: Homologous DNA replicase genes use alternatives of transcriptional slippage or translational frameshifting

    Bente Larsen, Norma M. Wills, Chad Nelson, John F. Atkins, and Raymond F. Gesteland

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1683-1688; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1683

• Immunology

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    Protective DNA vaccination against organ-specific autoimmunity is highly specific and discriminates between single amino acid substitutions in the peptide autoantigen

    Robert Weissert, Anna Lobell, Katrien L. de Graaf, Sana Yousif Eltayeb, Roland Andersson, Tomas Olsson, and Hans Wigzell

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1689-1694; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030390097
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    Human cytomegalovirus harbors its own unique IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10)

    Sergei V. Kotenko, Simona Saccani, Lara S. Izotova, Olga V. Mirochnitchenko, and Sidney Pestka

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1695-1700; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1695
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    Early expression of antiinsulin autoantibodies of humans and the NOD mouse: Evidence for early determination of subsequent diabetes

    Liping Yu, David T. Robles, Norio Abiru, Paramjit Kaur, Marian Rewers, Katalin Kelemen, and George S. Eisenbarth

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1701-1706; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556697
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    The dual functions of Fas ligand in the regulation of peripheral CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells

    Ivy Suzuki and Pamela J. Fink

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1707-1712; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1707
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    Role of Syk in B-cell development and antigen-receptor signaling

    Richard J. Cornall, Alex M. Cheng, Tony Pawson, and Christopher C. Goodnow

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1713-1718; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1713
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    Hypothyroidism in transgenic mice expressing IFN-γ in the thyroid

    P. Caturegli, M. Hejazi, K. Suzuki, O. Dohan, N. Carrasco, L. D. Kohn, and N. R. Rose

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1719-1724; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020522597
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    Adapter proteins SLP-76 and BLNK both are expressed by murine macrophages and are linked to signaling via Fcγ receptors I and II/III

    Francisco A. Bonilla, Ross M. Fujita, Vadim I. Pivniouk, Andrew C. Chan, and Raif S. Geha

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1725-1730; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040543597

• Medical Sciences

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    Polycystin 1 is required for the structural integrity of blood vessels

    Keetae Kim, Iain Drummond, Oxana Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya, Katherine Klinger, and M. Amin Arnaout

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1731-1736; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040550097
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    Regulated expression of P210 Bcr-Abl during embryonic stem cell differentiation stimulates multipotential progenitor expansion and myeloid cell fate

    Takumi Era and Owen N. Witte

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1737-1742; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1737
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    Cardiolipin is a normal component of human plasma lipoproteins

    Hiroshi Deguchi, José A. Fernández, Tilman M. Hackeng, Carole L. Banka, and John H. Griffin

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1743-1748; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1743
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    Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling mediates angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in endothelial cells

    Bing-Hua Jiang, Jenny Z. Zheng, Masahiro Aoki, and Peter K. Vogt

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1749-1753; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040560897
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    Combined effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and ionizing radiation in breast cancer therapy

    Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Uttara Prasad, Sunita Shankar, Daniel A. Hamstra, Murthy Shanaiah, Thomas L. Chenevert, Brian D. Ross, and Alnawaz Rehemtulla

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1754-1759; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030545097
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    Human AML1/MDS1/EVI1 fusion protein induces an acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in mice: A model for human AML

    Grace M. Cuenco, Giuseppina Nucifora, and Ruibao Ren

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1760-1765; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030421197
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    Identification of a Plasmodium falciparum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 binding domain: A parasite adhesion trait implicated in cerebral malaria

    Joseph D. Smith, Alister G. Craig, Neline Kriek, Diana Hudson-Taylor, Sue Kyes, Toby Fagen, Robert Pinches, Dror I. Baruch, Chris I. Newbold, and Louis H. Miller

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1766-1771; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040545897
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    Generation of in vivo activating factors in the ischemic intestine by pancreatic enzymes

    Hiroshi Mitsuoka, Erik B. Kistler, and Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1772-1777; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1772
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    Global analysis of gene expression in pulmonary fibrosis reveals distinct programs regulating lung inflammation and fibrosis

    Naftali Kaminski, John D. Allard, Jean F. Pittet, Fengrong Zuo, Mark J. D. Griffiths, David Morris, Xiaozhu Huang, Dean Sheppard, and Renu A. Heller

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1778-1783; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1778
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    Lipotoxic heart disease in obese rats: Implications for human obesity

    Yan-Ting Zhou, Paul Grayburn, Asad Karim, Michio Shimabukuro, Moritake Higa, Dany Baetens, Lelio Orci, and Roger H. Unger

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1784-1789; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1784
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    Enzyme plus light therapy to repair DNA damage in ultraviolet-B-irradiated human skin

    Helger Stege, Len Roza, Arie A. Vink, Markus Grewe, Thomas Ruzicka, Susanne Grether-Beck, and Jean Krutmann

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1790-1795; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030528897
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    Chemical chaperones mediate increased secretion of mutant α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) Z: A potential pharmacological strategy for prevention of liver injury and emphysema in α1-AT deficiency

    Jon A. J. Burrows, Lauren K. Willis, and David H. Perlmutter

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1796-1801; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1796
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    Cure of human carcinoma xenografts by a single dose of pretargeted yttrium-90 with negligible toxicity

    D. B. Axworthy, J. M. Reno, M. D. Hylarides, R. W. Mallett, L. J. Theodore, L. M. Gustavson, F.-M. Su, L. J. Hobson, P. L. Beaumier, and A. R. Fritzberg

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1802-1807; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1802
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    The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in hospitals: Paradoxes and prescriptions

    • From the Cover

    Marc Lipsitch, Carl T. Bergstrom, and Bruce R. Levin

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1938-1943; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1938

• Microbiology

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    Atmospheric energy for subsurface life on Mars?

    Benjamin P. Weiss, Yuk L. Yung, and Kenneth H. Nealson

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1395-1399; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030538097
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    Facilitated diffusion of fructose via the phosphoenolpyruvate/glucose phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli

    Hans L. Kornberg, Linda T. M. Lambourne, and Andrew A. Sproul

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1808-1812; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1808
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    Defensive extrusive ectosymbionts of Euplotidium (Ciliophora) that contain microtubule-like structures are bacteria related to Verrucomicrobia

    Giulio Petroni, Stefan Spring, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Franco Verni, and Giovanna Rosati

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1813-1817; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030438197
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    A herpes simplex virus 1 recombinant lacking the glycoprotein G coding sequences is defective in entry through apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells in culture and in vivo

    Lorren C. Tran, Jennifer M. Kissner, Larry E. Westerman, and Amy E. Sears

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1818-1822; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020510297

• Neurobiology

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    Importance of newly generated neurons in the adult olfactory bulb for odor discrimination

    Gilles Gheusi, Harold Cremer, Heather McLean, Geneviève Chazal, Jean-Didier Vincent, and Pierre-Marie Lledo

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1823-1828; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1823
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    Activation of a heterologously expressed octopamine receptor coupled only to adenylyl cyclase produces all the features of presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons

    Deok-Jin Chang, Xiao-Ching Li, Yong-Seok Lee, Hyong-Kyu Kim, Ueon Suk Kim, Nam Jeong Cho, Xinmian Lo, Klaudiusz R. Weiss, Eric R. Kandel, and Bong-Kiun Kaang

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1829-1834; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1829
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    An electric lobe suppressor for a yeast choline transport mutation belongs to a new family of transporter-like proteins

    Seana O'Regan, Elisabeth Traiffort, Martial Ruat, Nathalie Cha, Désiré Compaoré, and François-Marie Meunier

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1835-1840; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030339697
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    Columnar distribution of serotonin-dependent plasticity within kitten striate cortex

    Ljubomir Kojic, Richard H. Dyck, Qiang Gu, Robert M. Douglas, Joanne Matsubara, and Max S. Cynader

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1841-1844; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1841

    See companion article:

    • Serotonergic control of developmental plasticity

      - Feb 25, 2000
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    Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation basally activated by DNA strand breaks reflects glutamate–nitric oxide neurotransmission

    Andrew A. Pieper, Seth Blackshaw, Emily E. Clements, Daniel J. Brat, David K. Krug, Alison J. White, Patricia Pinto-Garcia, Antonella Favit, Jill R. Conover, Solomon H. Snyder, and Ajay Verma

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1845-1850; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1845
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    Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide as coneurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system: Evidence from genomic deletion of biosynthetic enzymes

    L. Xue, G. Farrugia, S. M. Miller, C. D. Ferris, S. H. Snyder, and J. H. Szurszewski

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1851-1855; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1851
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    Regulation of the phosphorylation of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa in vivo by dopamine D₁, dopamine D₂, and adenosine A_2A receptors

    P. Svenningsson, M. Lindskog, C. Ledent, M. Parmentier, P. Greengard, B. B. Fredholm, and G. Fisone

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1856-1860; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1856
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    Role of the cAMP signaling pathway in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in GT1 cells

    Elizabeth A. Vitalis, James L. Costantin, Pei-San Tsai, Hideya Sakakibara, Sreenivasan Paruthiyil, Taroh Iiri, Jean-Francois Martini, Michiyoshi Taga, Amy L. H. Choi, Andrew C. Charles, and Richard I. Weiner

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1861-1866; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040545197
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    Gamma rhythms and beta rhythms have different synchronization properties

    N. Kopell, G. B. Ermentrout, M. A. Whittington, and R. D. Traub

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1867-1872; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1867
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    Circadian modulation of dopamine receptor responsiveness in Drosophila melanogaster

    Rozi Andretic and Jay Hirsh

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1873-1878; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1873
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    Dopamine tone regulates D1 receptor trafficking and delivery in striatal neurons in dopamine transporter-deficient mice

    Brigitte Dumartin, Mohamed Jaber, Francois Gonon, Marc G. Caron, Bruno Giros, and Bertrand Bloch

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1879-1884; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1879

• Pharmacology

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    Induction of topoisomerase I cleavage complexes by 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in vitro and in ara-C-treated cells

    Philippe Pourquier, Yuji Takebayashi, Yoshimasa Urasaki, Christopher Gioffre, Glenda Kohlhagen, and Yves Pommier

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1885-1890; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1885

• Physiology

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    Ascorbic acid acts as an inhibitory transmitter in the hypothalamus to inhibit stimulated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by scavenging nitric oxide

    Sharada Karanth, Wen H. Yu, Anna Walczewska, Claudio Mastronardi, and Samuel M. McCann

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1891-1896; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1891

• Plant Biology

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    Isolation and characterization of powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mutants

    John Vogel and Shauna Somerville

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1897-1902; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030531997
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    UV light selectively coinduces supply pathways from primary metabolism and flavonoid secondary product formation in parsley

    Elke Logemann, Annette Tavernaro, Wolfgang Schulz, Imre E. Somssich, and Klaus Hahlbrock

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1903-1907; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1903
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    Alternatively spliced N resistance gene transcripts: Their possible role in tobacco mosaic virus resistance

    S. P. Dinesh-Kumar and Barbara J. Baker

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1908-1913; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020367497
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    The production of recombinant proteins in transgenic barley grains

    Henriette Horvath, Jintai Huang, Oi Wong, Elizabeth Kohl, Thomas Okita, C. Gamini Kannangara, and Diter von Wettstein

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1914-1919; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030527497
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    The pollen determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris

    Seiji Takayama, Hiroshi Shiba, Megumi Iwano, Hiroko Shimosato, Fang-Sik Che, Naoko Kai, Masao Watanabe, Go Suzuki, Kokichi Hinata, and Akira Isogai

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1920-1925; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556397
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    A novel precursor recognition element facilitates posttranslational binding to the signal recognition particle in chloroplasts

    Justin DeLille, Eric C. Peterson, Tracey Johnson, Misty Moore, Alicia Kight, and Ralph Henry

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1926-1931; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030395197
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    Elemental propagation of calcium signals in response-specific patterns determined by environmental stimulus strength

    Helen Goddard, N. F. H. Manison, D. Tomos, and C. Brownlee

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1932-1937; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020516397

• Population Biology

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    The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in hospitals: Paradoxes and prescriptions

    • From the Cover

    Marc Lipsitch, Carl T. Bergstrom, and Bruce R. Levin

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1938-1943; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1938

• Psychology

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    Parsing executive processes: Strategic vs. evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex

    Cameron S. Carter, Angus M. Macdonald, Matthew Botvinick, Laura L. Ross, V. Andrew Stenger, Douglas Noll, and Jonathan D. Cohen

    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1944-1948; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1944