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Table of Contents

February 15, 2000; vol. 97 no. 4

Special Feature

  • Research Articles

    • You have access
      Two terrestrial records of rapid climatic change during the glacial–Holocene transition (14,000– 9,000 calendar years B.P.) from Europe
      Hilary H. Birks and Brigitta Ammann
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1390-1394; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1390
    • You have access
      Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences
      Joseph L. Kirschvink, Eric J. Gaidos, L. Elizabeth Bertani, Nicholas J. Beukes, Jens Gutzmer, Linda N. Maepa, and Rachel E. Steinberger
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1400-1405; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1400
    • You have access
      Twentieth century climate change: Evidence from small glaciers
      Mark B. Dyurgerov and Mark F. Meier
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1406-1411; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1406
    • You have access
      Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?
      Dennis L. Hartmann, John M. Wallace, Varavut Limpasuvan, David W. J. Thompson, and James R. Holton
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1412-1417; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1412
    • You have access
      Climate and infectious disease: Use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement
      • From the Cover
      Brad Lobitz, Louisa Beck, Anwar Huq, Byron Wood, George Fuchs, A. S. G. Faruque, and Rita Colwell
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1438-1443; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1438
    • You have access
      Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species
      David W. Inouye, Billy Barr, Kenneth B. Armitage, and Brian D. Inouye
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1630-1633; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1630

Editorial

  • You have access
    The past climate change heats up
    Steven M. Stanley
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1319; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1319

Commentaries

  • You have access
    Of bears, conservation genetics, and the value of time travel
    Svante Pääbo
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1320-1321; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1320

    See companion article:

    • Population genetics of Ice Age brown bears
      - Feb 04, 2000
  • You have access
    Closing the ring: Links between SMC proteins and chromosome partitioning, condensation, and supercoiling
    Victor F. Holmes and Nicholas R. Cozzarelli
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1322-1324; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040576797
  • You have access
    More surprises in translation: Initiation without the initiator tRNA
    Uttam L. RajBhandary
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1325-1327; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040579197
  • You have access
    Computation with biomolecules
    Junghuei Chen and David Harlan Wood
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1328-1330; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1328

    See companion article:

    • Molecular computation: RNA solutions to chess problems
      - Feb 15, 2000

Perspectives

  • You have access
    Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes
    Richard B. Alley
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1331-1334; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1331
  • You have access
    Nonglacial rapid climate events: Past and future
    Jonathan Overpeck and Robert Webb
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1335-1338; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1335
  • You have access
    Was a change in thermohaline circulation responsible for the Little Ice Age?
    Wallace S. Broecker
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1339-1342; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1339
  • You have access
    Detecting Holocene changes in thermohaline circulation
    L. D. Keigwin and E. A. Boyle
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1343-1346; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1343
  • You have access
    Abrupt climate change and thermohaline circulation: Mechanisms and predictability
    Jochem Marotzke
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1347-1350; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1347
  • You have access
    As climate changes, so do glaciers
    Thomas V. Lowell
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1351-1354; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1351
  • You have access
    Climate change and the tropical Pacific: The sleeping dragon wakes
    R. T. Pierrehumbert
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1355-1358; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1355
  • You have access
    Sensitivity and rapidity of vegetational response to abrupt climate change
    Dorothy Peteet
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1359-1361; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1359
  • You have access
    Abrupt climate change in the computer: Is it real?
    Thomas F. Stocker and Olivier Marchal
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1362-1365; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1362

Physical Sciences

  • Applied Mathematics

    • You have access
      Very intense pulse in the groundwater flow in fissurized-porous stratum
      G. I. Barenblatt, E. A. Ingerman, H. Shvets, and J. L. Vázquez
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1366-1369; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1366
  • Applied Physical Sciences

    • You have access
      The elasticity and failure of fluid-filled cellular solids: Theory and experiment
      M. Warner, B. L. Thiel, and A. M. Donald
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1370-1375; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020501797
  • Chemistry

    • You have access
      Femtosecond observation of benzyne intermediates in a molecular beam: Bergman rearrangement in the isolated molecule
      Eric W.-G. Diau, Joseph Casanova, John D. Roberts, and Ahmed H. Zewail
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1376-1379; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030524797
    • You have access
      Archimedean solids: Transition metal mediated rational self-assembly of supramolecular-truncated tetrahedra
      Stefan Leininger, Jun Fan, Marion Schmitz, and Peter J. Stang
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1380-1384; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030264697
  • Computer Sciences

    • You have access
      Molecular computation: RNA solutions to chess problems
      • From the Cover
      Dirk Faulhammer, Anthony R. Cukras, Richard J. Lipton, and Laura F. Landweber
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1385-1389; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1385

      See companion article:

      • Computation with biomolecules
        - Feb 15, 2000
  • Engineering

    • You have access
      Generation of in vivo activating factors in the ischemic intestine by pancreatic enzymes
      Hiroshi Mitsuoka, Erik B. Kistler, and Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1772-1777; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1772
  • Geology

    • You have access
      Two terrestrial records of rapid climatic change during the glacial–Holocene transition (14,000– 9,000 calendar years B.P.) from Europe
      Hilary H. Birks and Brigitta Ammann
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1390-1394; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1390
    • You have access
      Atmospheric energy for subsurface life on Mars?
      Benjamin P. Weiss, Yuk L. Yung, and Kenneth H. Nealson
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1395-1399; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030538097
    • You have access
      Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences
      Joseph L. Kirschvink, Eric J. Gaidos, L. Elizabeth Bertani, Nicholas J. Beukes, Jens Gutzmer, Linda N. Maepa, and Rachel E. Steinberger
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1400-1405; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1400
  • Geophysics

    • You have access
      Twentieth century climate change: Evidence from small glaciers
      Mark B. Dyurgerov and Mark F. Meier
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1406-1411; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1406
    • You have access
      Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?
      Dennis L. Hartmann, John M. Wallace, Varavut Limpasuvan, David W. J. Thompson, and James R. Holton
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1412-1417; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1412
  • Mathematics

    • You have access
      Twist fields, the elliptic genus, and hidden symmetry
      Arthur Jaffe
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1418-1422; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1418
  • Statistics

    • You have access
      The multivariate L1-median and associated data depth
      Yehuda Vardi and Cun-Hui Zhang
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1423-1426; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1423

Biological Sciences

  • Agricultural Sciences

    • You have access
      Evolutionary conservation of apoptosis mechanisms: Lepidopteran and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are inhibitors of mammalian caspase-9
      Qihong Huang, Quinn L. Deveraux, Susumu Maeda, Guy S. Salvesen, Henning R. Stennicke, Bruce D. Hammock, and John C. Reed
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1427-1432; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1427
  • Applied Biological Sciences

    • You have access
      Synergy in a medicinal plant: Antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5′-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor
      Frank R. Stermitz, Peter Lorenz, Jeanne N. Tawara, Lauren A. Zenewicz, and Kim Lewis
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1433-1437; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030540597
    • You have access
      Climate and infectious disease: Use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement
      • From the Cover
      Brad Lobitz, Louisa Beck, Anwar Huq, Byron Wood, George Fuchs, A. S. G. Faruque, and Rita Colwell
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1438-1443; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1438
  • Biochemistry

    • You have access
      Molecular computation: RNA solutions to chess problems
      • From the Cover
      Dirk Faulhammer, Anthony R. Cukras, Richard J. Lipton, and Laura F. Landweber
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1385-1389; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1385

      See companion article:

      • Computation with biomolecules
        - Feb 15, 2000
    • You have access
      The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2
      Lutfi Abu-Elheiga, William R. Brinkley, Ling Zhong, Subrahmanyam S. Chirala, Gebretateos Woldegiorgis, and Salih J. Wakil
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1444-1449; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1444
    • You have access
      A structural basis for integrin activation by the cytoplasmic tail of the αIIb-subunit
      Olga Vinogradova, Tom Haas, Edward F. Plow, and Jun Qin
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1450-1455; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040548197
    • You have access
      Human aspartic protease memapsin 2 cleaves the β-secretase site of β-amyloid precursor protein
      Xinli Lin, Gerald Koelsch, Shili Wu, Debbie Downs, Azar Dashti, and Jordan Tang
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1456-1460; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1456
    • You have access
      Consequences of placing an intramolecular crosslink in myosin S1
      Kunihiko Konno, Kathleen Ue, Mikhail Khoroshev, Hugo Martinez, Bruce Ray, and Manuel F. Morales
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1461-1466; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030523997
    • You have access
      Three-dimensional modeling of and ligand docking to vitamin D receptor ligand binding domain
      Keiko Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Masuno, Mihwa Choi, Kinichi Nakashima, Tetsuya Taga, Hiroshi Ooizumi, Kazuhiko Umesono, Wanda Sicinska, Janeen VanHooke, Hector F. DeLuca, and Sachiko Yamada
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1467-1472; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020522697
    • You have access
      Self-assembly of large, ordered lamellae from non-bilayer lipids and integral membrane proteins in vitro
      Ilian Simidjiev, Svetla Stoylova, Heinz Amenitsch, Tamás Jávorfi, László Mustárdy, Peter Laggner, Andreas Holzenburg, and Győző Garab
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1473-1476; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1473
    • You have access
      Folding and activity of circularly permuted forms of a polytopic membrane protein
      Rudolf Beutler, Francesco Ruggiero, and Bernhard Erni
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1477-1482; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0305463397
    • You have access
      A regulator of G protein signaling interaction surface linked to effector specificity
      Mathew E. Sowa, Wei He, Theodore G. Wensel, and Olivier Lichtarge
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1483-1488; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030409597
    • You have access
      Role of endocytosis in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade by sequestering and nonsequestering G protein-coupled receptors
      Kristen L. Pierce, Stuart Maudsley, Yehia Daaka, Louis M. Luttrell, and Robert J. Lefkowitz
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1489-1494; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1489
    • You have access
      Positive and negative regulation of endogenous genes by designed transcription factors
      Roger R. Beerli, Birgit Dreier, and Carlos F. Barbas III
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1495-1500; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040552697
    • You have access
      Host factor Hfq of Escherichia coli stimulates elongation of poly(A) tails by poly(A) polymerase I
      Eliane Hajnsdorf and Philippe Régnier
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1501-1505; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040549897
    • You have access
      Allosteric inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization discovered via combinatorial chemistry
      Kirk McMillan, Marc Adler, Douglas S. Auld, John J. Baldwin, Eric Blasko, Leslie J. Browne, Daniel Chelsky, David Davey, Ronald E. Dolle, Keith A. Eagen, Shawn Erickson, Richard I. Feldman, Charles B. Glaser, Cornell Mallari, Michael M. Morrissey, Michael H. J. Ohlmeyer, Gonghua Pan, John F. Parkinson, Gary B. Phillips, Mark A. Polokoff, Nolan H. Sigal, Ronald Vergona, Marc Whitlow, Tish A. Young, and James J. Devlin
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1506-1511; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1506
    • You have access
      Methionine-independent initiation of translation in the capsid protein of an insect RNA virus
      • From the Cover
      Jun Sasaki and Nobuhiko Nakashima
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1512-1515; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.010426997
    • You have access
      Studies on the role of the hydrophobic domain of Ost4p in interactions with other subunits of yeast oligosaccharyl transferase
      Hyun Kim, Hangil Park, Lucy Montalvo, and William J. Lennarz
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1516-1520; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556797
    • You have access
      Coupling between protein folding and allostery in the GroE chaperonin system
      Ofer Yifrach and Amnon Horovitz
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1521-1524; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040449997
    • You have access
      Transition-state structure as a unifying basis in protein-folding mechanisms: Contact order, chain topology, stability, and the extended nucleus mechanism
      Alan R. Fersht
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1525-1529; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1525
    • You have access
      A double-hexamer archaeal minichromosome maintenance protein is an ATP-dependent DNA helicase
      James P. J. Chong, Mariko K. Hayashi, Martha N. Simon, Rui-Ming Xu, and Bruce Stillman
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1530-1535; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030539597

      See companion article:

      • Insights into DNA replication from the third domain of life
        - Mar 14, 2000
    • You have access
      A 9-nt segment of a cellular mRNA can function as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and when present in linked multiple copies greatly enhances IRES activity
      Stephen A. Chappell, Gerald M. Edelman, and Vincent P. Mauro
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1536-1541; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1536
  • Biophysics

    • You have access
      The elasticity and failure of fluid-filled cellular solids: Theory and experiment
      M. Warner, B. L. Thiel, and A. M. Donald
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1370-1375; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020501797
    • You have access
      Determination of the binding sites of the proton transfer inhibitors Cd2+ and Zn2+ in bacterial reaction centers
      H. L. Axelrod, E. C. Abresch, M. L. Paddock, M. Y. Okamura, and G. Feher
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1542-1547; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1542
    • You have access
      Identification of the proton pathway in bacterial reaction centers: Replacement of Asp-M17 and Asp-L210 with Asn reduces the proton transfer rate in the presence of Cd2+
      M. L. Paddock, G. Feher, and M. Y. Okamura
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1548-1553; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1548
    • You have access
      Femtosecond resolution of ligand-heme interactions in the high-affinity quinol oxidase bd: A di-heme active site?
      Marten H. Vos, Vitaliy B. Borisov, Ursula Liebl, Jean-Louis Martin, and Alexander A. Konstantinov
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1554-1559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030528197
  • Cell Biology

    • You have access
      The Golgi-associated COPI-coated buds and vesicles contain β/γ-actin
      Ferran Valderrama, Ana Luna, Teresa Babià, José A. Martínez-Menárguez, José Ballesta, Holger Barth, Christine Chaponnier, Jaime Renau-Piqueras, and Gustavo Egea
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1560-1565; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1560
    • You have access
      RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism
      Ji Li, Ildiko Sarosi, Xiao-Qiang Yan, Sean Morony, Casey Capparelli, Hong-Lin Tan, Susan McCabe, Robin Elliott, Sheila Scully, Gwyneth Van, Stephen Kaufman, Shao-Chieh Juan, Yu Sun, John Tarpley, Laura Martin, Kathleen Christensen, James McCabe, Paul Kostenuik, Hailing Hsu, Frederick Fletcher, Colin R. Dunstan, David L. Lacey, and William J. Boyle
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1566-1571; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1566
    • You have access
      A functional genetic screen identifies regions at the C-terminal tail and death-domain of death-associated protein kinase that are critical for its proapoptotic activity
      Tal Raveh, Hanna Berissi, Miriam Eisenstein, Taly Spivak, and Adi Kimchi
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1572-1577; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020519497
    • You have access
      Survival function of ERK1/2 as IL-3-activated, staurosporine-resistant Bcl2 kinases
      Xingming Deng, Peter Ruvolo, Boyd Carr, and W. Stratford May Jr.
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1578-1583; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1578
    • You have access
      The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase selectively regulates p53-dependent apoptosis but not cell-cycle arrest
      Sa Wang, Min Guo, Honghai Ouyang, Xiaoling Li, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Akihiro Kurimasa, David J. Chen, Zvi Fuks, C. Clifton Ling, and Gloria C. Li
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1584-1588; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1584
    • You have access
      Aggregation of huntingtin in yeast varies with the length of the polyglutamine expansion and the expression of chaperone proteins
      Sylvia Krobitsch and Susan Lindquist
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1589-1594; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1589
    • You have access
      Neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiates phenylephrine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in primary cardiomyocytes via NPY Y5 receptors
      Corinne Pellieux, Thérèse Sauthier, Andrea Domenighetti, Donald J. Marsh, Richard D. Palmiter, Hans-R. Brunner, and Thierry Pedrazzini
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1595-1600; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030533197
    • You have access
      Myeloblastin is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-responsive gene conferring factor-independent growth to hematopoietic cells
      Pierre G. Lutz, Christel Moog-Lutz, Edith Coumau-Gatbois, Ladan Kobari, Yolande Di Gioia, and Yvon E. Cayre
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1601-1606; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1601
  • Developmental Biology

    • You have access
      neurogenin3 is required for the development of the four endocrine cell lineages of the pancreas
      Gérard Gradwohl, Andrée Dierich, Marianne LeMeur, and François Guillemot
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1607-1611; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1607
    • You have access
      Efficient studies of long-distance Bmp5 gene regulation using bacterial artificial chromosomes
      Ralph J. DiLeone, Gregory A. Marcus, Michelle D. Johnson, and David M. Kingsley
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1612-1617; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1612
    • You have access
      Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation
      Takeharu Nagai, Jun Aruga, Osamu Minowa, Takashi Sugimoto, Yoshiki Ohno, Tetsuo Noda, and Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1618-1623; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1618
    • You have access
      Endogenous expression of Müllerian inhibiting substance in early postnatal rat Sertoli cells requires multiple steroidogenic factor-1 and GATA-4-binding sites
      Koji Watanabe, Trent R. Clarke, Andrew H. Lane, Xinzhong Wang, and Patricia K. Donahoe
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1624-1629; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1624
  • Ecology

    • You have access
      Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species
      David W. Inouye, Billy Barr, Kenneth B. Armitage, and Brian D. Inouye
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1630-1633; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1630
    • You have access
      Chemical defense against predation in an insect egg
      Thomas Eisner, Maria Eisner, Carmen Rossini, Vikram K. Iyengar, Braden L. Roach, Eva Benedikt, and Jerrold Meinwald
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1634-1639; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030532797
  • Evolution

    • You have access
      Biodiversity of Costa Rican salamanders: Implications of high levels of genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure for species formation
      • Inaugural Article
      Mario García-París, David A. Good, Gabriela Parra-Olea, and David B. Wake
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1640-1647; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1640

      See companion article:

      • QnAs with David B. Wake
        - Aug 28, 2017
    • You have access
      High relatedness and inbreeding at the origin of eusociality in gall-inducing thrips
      T. W. Chapman, B. J. Crespi, B. D. Kranz, and M. P. Schwarz
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1648-1650; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020510097
    • You have access
      Population genetics of Ice Age brown bears
      • From the Cover
      Jennifer A. Leonard, Robert K. Wayne, and Alan Cooper
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1651-1654; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040453097

      See companion article:

      • Of bears, conservation genetics, and the value of time travel
        - Feb 15, 2000
    • You have access
      Hox cluster genomics in the horn shark, Heterodontus francisci
      Chang-Bae Kim, Chris Amemiya, Wendy Bailey, Kazuhiko Kawasaki, Jason Mezey, Webb Miller, Shinsei Minoshima, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Günter Wagner, and Frank Ruddle
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1655-1660; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030539697
    • You have access
      Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees
      Xiaolei Hu, Harold S. Margolis, Robert H. Purcell, James Ebert, and Betty H. Robertson
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1661-1664; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1661
  • Genetics

    • You have access
      In vitro cloning of complex mixtures of DNA on microbeads: Physical separation of differentially expressed cDNAs
      Sydney Brenner, Steven R. Williams, Eric H. Vermaas, Thorsten Storck, Keith Moon, Christie McCollum, Jen-I Mao, Shujun Luo, James J. Kirchner, Sam Eletr, Robert B. DuBridge, Timothy Burcham, and Glenn Albrecht
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1665-1670; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1665
    • You have access
      Suppression of chromosome segregation defects of Escherichia coli muk mutants by mutations in topoisomerase I
      James A. Sawitzke and Stuart Austin
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1671-1676; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030528397
    • You have access
      Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase CA VB: Differences in tissue distribution and pattern of evolution from those of CA VA suggest distinct physiological roles
      Gul N. Shah, David Hewett-Emmett, Jeffrey H. Grubb, Mary C. Migas, Robert E. Fleming, Abdul Waheed, and William S. Sly
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1677-1682; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1677
    • You have access
      Nonlinearity in genetic decoding: Homologous DNA replicase genes use alternatives of transcriptional slippage or translational frameshifting
      Bente Larsen, Norma M. Wills, Chad Nelson, John F. Atkins, and Raymond F. Gesteland
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1683-1688; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1683
  • Immunology

    • You have access
      Protective DNA vaccination against organ-specific autoimmunity is highly specific and discriminates between single amino acid substitutions in the peptide autoantigen
      Robert Weissert, Anna Lobell, Katrien L. de Graaf, Sana Yousif Eltayeb, Roland Andersson, Tomas Olsson, and Hans Wigzell
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1689-1694; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030390097
    • You have access
      Human cytomegalovirus harbors its own unique IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10)
      Sergei V. Kotenko, Simona Saccani, Lara S. Izotova, Olga V. Mirochnitchenko, and Sidney Pestka
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1695-1700; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1695
    • You have access
      Early expression of antiinsulin autoantibodies of humans and the NOD mouse: Evidence for early determination of subsequent diabetes
      Liping Yu, David T. Robles, Norio Abiru, Paramjit Kaur, Marian Rewers, Katalin Kelemen, and George S. Eisenbarth
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1701-1706; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556697
    • You have access
      The dual functions of Fas ligand in the regulation of peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells
      Ivy Suzuki and Pamela J. Fink
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1707-1712; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1707
    • You have access
      Role of Syk in B-cell development and antigen-receptor signaling
      Richard J. Cornall, Alex M. Cheng, Tony Pawson, and Christopher C. Goodnow
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1713-1718; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1713
    • You have access
      Hypothyroidism in transgenic mice expressing IFN-γ in the thyroid
      P. Caturegli, M. Hejazi, K. Suzuki, O. Dohan, N. Carrasco, L. D. Kohn, and N. R. Rose
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1719-1724; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020522597
    • You have access
      Adapter proteins SLP-76 and BLNK both are expressed by murine macrophages and are linked to signaling via Fcγ receptors I and II/III
      Francisco A. Bonilla, Ross M. Fujita, Vadim I. Pivniouk, Andrew C. Chan, and Raif S. Geha
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1725-1730; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040543597
  • Medical Sciences

    • You have access
      Polycystin 1 is required for the structural integrity of blood vessels
      Keetae Kim, Iain Drummond, Oxana Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya, Katherine Klinger, and M. Amin Arnaout
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1731-1736; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040550097
    • You have access
      Regulated expression of P210 Bcr-Abl during embryonic stem cell differentiation stimulates multipotential progenitor expansion and myeloid cell fate
      Takumi Era and Owen N. Witte
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1737-1742; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1737
    • You have access
      Cardiolipin is a normal component of human plasma lipoproteins
      Hiroshi Deguchi, José A. Fernández, Tilman M. Hackeng, Carole L. Banka, and John H. Griffin
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1743-1748; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1743
    • You have access
      Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling mediates angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in endothelial cells
      Bing-Hua Jiang, Jenny Z. Zheng, Masahiro Aoki, and Peter K. Vogt
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1749-1753; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040560897
    • You have access
      Combined effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and ionizing radiation in breast cancer therapy
      Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Uttara Prasad, Sunita Shankar, Daniel A. Hamstra, Murthy Shanaiah, Thomas L. Chenevert, Brian D. Ross, and Alnawaz Rehemtulla
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1754-1759; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030545097
    • You have access
      Human AML1/MDS1/EVI1 fusion protein induces an acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in mice: A model for human AML
      Grace M. Cuenco, Giuseppina Nucifora, and Ruibao Ren
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1760-1765; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030421197
    • You have access
      Identification of a Plasmodium falciparum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 binding domain: A parasite adhesion trait implicated in cerebral malaria
      Joseph D. Smith, Alister G. Craig, Neline Kriek, Diana Hudson-Taylor, Sue Kyes, Toby Fagen, Robert Pinches, Dror I. Baruch, Chris I. Newbold, and Louis H. Miller
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1766-1771; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040545897
    • You have access
      Generation of in vivo activating factors in the ischemic intestine by pancreatic enzymes
      Hiroshi Mitsuoka, Erik B. Kistler, and Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1772-1777; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1772
    • You have access
      Global analysis of gene expression in pulmonary fibrosis reveals distinct programs regulating lung inflammation and fibrosis
      Naftali Kaminski, John D. Allard, Jean F. Pittet, Fengrong Zuo, Mark J. D. Griffiths, David Morris, Xiaozhu Huang, Dean Sheppard, and Renu A. Heller
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1778-1783; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1778
    • You have access
      Lipotoxic heart disease in obese rats: Implications for human obesity
      Yan-Ting Zhou, Paul Grayburn, Asad Karim, Michio Shimabukuro, Moritake Higa, Dany Baetens, Lelio Orci, and Roger H. Unger
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1784-1789; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1784
    • You have access
      Enzyme plus light therapy to repair DNA damage in ultraviolet-B-irradiated human skin
      Helger Stege, Len Roza, Arie A. Vink, Markus Grewe, Thomas Ruzicka, Susanne Grether-Beck, and Jean Krutmann
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1790-1795; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030528897
    • You have access
      Chemical chaperones mediate increased secretion of mutant α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) Z: A potential pharmacological strategy for prevention of liver injury and emphysema in α1-AT deficiency
      Jon A. J. Burrows, Lauren K. Willis, and David H. Perlmutter
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1796-1801; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1796
    • You have access
      Cure of human carcinoma xenografts by a single dose of pretargeted yttrium-90 with negligible toxicity
      D. B. Axworthy, J. M. Reno, M. D. Hylarides, R. W. Mallett, L. J. Theodore, L. M. Gustavson, F.-M. Su, L. J. Hobson, P. L. Beaumier, and A. R. Fritzberg
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1802-1807; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1802
    • You have access
      The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in hospitals: Paradoxes and prescriptions
      • From the Cover
      Marc Lipsitch, Carl T. Bergstrom, and Bruce R. Levin
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1938-1943; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1938
  • Microbiology

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      Atmospheric energy for subsurface life on Mars?
      Benjamin P. Weiss, Yuk L. Yung, and Kenneth H. Nealson
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1395-1399; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030538097
    • You have access
      Facilitated diffusion of fructose via the phosphoenolpyruvate/glucose phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli
      Hans L. Kornberg, Linda T. M. Lambourne, and Andrew A. Sproul
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1808-1812; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1808
    • You have access
      Defensive extrusive ectosymbionts of Euplotidium (Ciliophora) that contain microtubule-like structures are bacteria related to Verrucomicrobia
      Giulio Petroni, Stefan Spring, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Franco Verni, and Giovanna Rosati
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1813-1817; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030438197
    • You have access
      A herpes simplex virus 1 recombinant lacking the glycoprotein G coding sequences is defective in entry through apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells in culture and in vivo
      Lorren C. Tran, Jennifer M. Kissner, Larry E. Westerman, and Amy E. Sears
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1818-1822; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020510297
  • Neurobiology

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      Importance of newly generated neurons in the adult olfactory bulb for odor discrimination
      Gilles Gheusi, Harold Cremer, Heather McLean, Geneviève Chazal, Jean-Didier Vincent, and Pierre-Marie Lledo
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1823-1828; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1823
    • You have access
      Activation of a heterologously expressed octopamine receptor coupled only to adenylyl cyclase produces all the features of presynaptic facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons
      Deok-Jin Chang, Xiao-Ching Li, Yong-Seok Lee, Hyong-Kyu Kim, Ueon Suk Kim, Nam Jeong Cho, Xinmian Lo, Klaudiusz R. Weiss, Eric R. Kandel, and Bong-Kiun Kaang
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1829-1834; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1829
    • You have access
      An electric lobe suppressor for a yeast choline transport mutation belongs to a new family of transporter-like proteins
      Seana O'Regan, Elisabeth Traiffort, Martial Ruat, Nathalie Cha, Désiré Compaoré, and François-Marie Meunier
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1835-1840; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030339697
    • You have access
      Columnar distribution of serotonin-dependent plasticity within kitten striate cortex
      Ljubomir Kojic, Richard H. Dyck, Qiang Gu, Robert M. Douglas, Joanne Matsubara, and Max S. Cynader
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1841-1844; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1841

      See companion article:

      • Serotonergic control of developmental plasticity
        - Feb 25, 2000
    • You have access
      Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation basally activated by DNA strand breaks reflects glutamate–nitric oxide neurotransmission
      Andrew A. Pieper, Seth Blackshaw, Emily E. Clements, Daniel J. Brat, David K. Krug, Alison J. White, Patricia Pinto-Garcia, Antonella Favit, Jill R. Conover, Solomon H. Snyder, and Ajay Verma
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1845-1850; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1845
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      Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide as coneurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system: Evidence from genomic deletion of biosynthetic enzymes
      L. Xue, G. Farrugia, S. M. Miller, C. D. Ferris, S. H. Snyder, and J. H. Szurszewski
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1851-1855; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1851
    • You have access
      Regulation of the phosphorylation of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa in vivo by dopamine D1, dopamine D2, and adenosine A2A receptors
      P. Svenningsson, M. Lindskog, C. Ledent, M. Parmentier, P. Greengard, B. B. Fredholm, and G. Fisone
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1856-1860; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1856
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      Role of the cAMP signaling pathway in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in GT1 cells
      Elizabeth A. Vitalis, James L. Costantin, Pei-San Tsai, Hideya Sakakibara, Sreenivasan Paruthiyil, Taroh Iiri, Jean-Francois Martini, Michiyoshi Taga, Amy L. H. Choi, Andrew C. Charles, and Richard I. Weiner
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1861-1866; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040545197
    • You have access
      Gamma rhythms and beta rhythms have different synchronization properties
      N. Kopell, G. B. Ermentrout, M. A. Whittington, and R. D. Traub
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1867-1872; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1867
    • You have access
      Circadian modulation of dopamine receptor responsiveness in Drosophila melanogaster
      Rozi Andretic and Jay Hirsh
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1873-1878; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1873
    • You have access
      Dopamine tone regulates D1 receptor trafficking and delivery in striatal neurons in dopamine transporter-deficient mice
      Brigitte Dumartin, Mohamed Jaber, Francois Gonon, Marc G. Caron, Bruno Giros, and Bertrand Bloch
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1879-1884; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1879
  • Pharmacology

    • You have access
      Induction of topoisomerase I cleavage complexes by 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in vitro and in ara-C-treated cells
      Philippe Pourquier, Yuji Takebayashi, Yoshimasa Urasaki, Christopher Gioffre, Glenda Kohlhagen, and Yves Pommier
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1885-1890; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1885
  • Physiology

    • You have access
      Ascorbic acid acts as an inhibitory transmitter in the hypothalamus to inhibit stimulated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by scavenging nitric oxide
      Sharada Karanth, Wen H. Yu, Anna Walczewska, Claudio Mastronardi, and Samuel M. McCann
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1891-1896; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1891
  • Plant Biology

    • You have access
      Isolation and characterization of powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mutants
      John Vogel and Shauna Somerville
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1897-1902; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030531997
    • You have access
      UV light selectively coinduces supply pathways from primary metabolism and flavonoid secondary product formation in parsley
      Elke Logemann, Annette Tavernaro, Wolfgang Schulz, Imre E. Somssich, and Klaus Hahlbrock
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1903-1907; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1903
    • You have access
      Alternatively spliced N resistance gene transcripts: Their possible role in tobacco mosaic virus resistance
      S. P. Dinesh-Kumar and Barbara J. Baker
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1908-1913; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020367497
    • You have access
      The production of recombinant proteins in transgenic barley grains
      Henriette Horvath, Jintai Huang, Oi Wong, Elizabeth Kohl, Thomas Okita, C. Gamini Kannangara, and Diter von Wettstein
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1914-1919; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030527497
    • You have access
      The pollen determinant of self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris
      Seiji Takayama, Hiroshi Shiba, Megumi Iwano, Hiroko Shimosato, Fang-Sik Che, Naoko Kai, Masao Watanabe, Go Suzuki, Kokichi Hinata, and Akira Isogai
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1920-1925; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556397
    • You have access
      A novel precursor recognition element facilitates posttranslational binding to the signal recognition particle in chloroplasts
      Justin DeLille, Eric C. Peterson, Tracey Johnson, Misty Moore, Alicia Kight, and Ralph Henry
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1926-1931; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.030395197
    • You have access
      Elemental propagation of calcium signals in response-specific patterns determined by environmental stimulus strength
      Helen Goddard, N. F. H. Manison, D. Tomos, and C. Brownlee
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1932-1937; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.020516397
  • Population Biology

    • You have access
      The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in hospitals: Paradoxes and prescriptions
      • From the Cover
      Marc Lipsitch, Carl T. Bergstrom, and Bruce R. Levin
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1938-1943; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1938
  • Psychology

    • You have access
      Parsing executive processes: Strategic vs. evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex
      Cameron S. Carter, Angus M. Macdonald, Matthew Botvinick, Laura L. Ross, V. Andrew Stenger, Douglas Noll, and Jonathan D. Cohen
      PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1944-1948; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1944

Retractions

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    Retraction
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1949; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1949-b
  • You have access
    Retraction
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1949; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1949-c

Correction

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    Correction
    PNAS February 15, 2000 97 (4) 1949; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1949-a
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 97 (4)
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