Evolution of biological complexity

^*Kellogg Radiation Laboratory 106-38 and ^‡Beckman Institute 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and ^¶Division of Organismic Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095

Edited by James F. Crow, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, and approved February 15, 2000 (received for review December 22, 1999)

Footnotes

↵† To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: adami{at}krl.caltech.edu.
↵§ Present address: Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824.
This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.

Cited By...

Article usage

Article usage: April 2000 to April 2021

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Apr 2000	360	251	560
May 2000	315	283	609
Jun 2000	68	88	188
Jul 2000	53	60	82
Aug 2000	37	73	98
Sep 2000	32	176	103
Oct 2000	34	132	117
Nov 2000	31	68	86
Dec 2000	24	54	88
Total 2000	954	1185	1931
Jan 2001	31	79	84
Feb 2001	37	78	87
Mar 2001	38	153	88
Apr 2001	32	96	77
May 2001	33	74	82
Jun 2001	21	75	75
Jul 2001	38	105	90
Aug 2001	19	102	83
Sep 2001	22	63	63
Oct 2001	95	95	78
Nov 2001	13	82	90
Dec 2001	25	92	64
Total 2001	404	1094	961
Jan 2002	22	77	56
Feb 2002	26	64	69
Mar 2002	18	87	51
Apr 2002	33	255	64
May 2002	15	103	73
Jun 2002	28	58	65
Jul 2002	20	77	71
Aug 2002	18	67	78
Sep 2002	16	116	100
Oct 2002	11	57	75
Nov 2002	21	69	70
Dec 2002	12	58	59
Total 2002	240	1088	831
Jan 2003	27	47	83
Feb 2003	23	56	76
Mar 2003	23	70	46
Apr 2003	18	72	88
May 2003	29	94	86
Jun 2003	12	46	47
Jul 2003	43	62	59
Aug 2003	56	105	84
Sep 2003	30	115	75
Oct 2003	31	106	83
Nov 2003	40	157	114
Dec 2003	42	83	72
Total 2003	374	1013	913
Jan 2004	29	118	87
Feb 2004	35	139	77
Mar 2004	37	137	87
Apr 2004	32	151	144
May 2004	55	159	96
Jun 2004	49	144	73
Jul 2004	74	133	54
Aug 2004	48	143	58
Sep 2004	56	211	64
Oct 2004	55	212	82
Nov 2004	37	152	53
Dec 2004	32	169	50
Total 2004	539	1868	925
Jan 2005	25	129	44
Feb 2005	15	122	44
Mar 2005	18	140	61
Apr 2005	22	121	73
May 2005	15	126	72
Jun 2005	15	166	43
Jul 2005	8	100	34
Aug 2005	11	99	48
Sep 2005	23	110	64
Oct 2005	23	166	58
Nov 2005	29	179	63
Dec 2005	36	145	74
Total 2005	240	1603	678
Jan 2006	23	146	80
Feb 2006	24	151	62
Mar 2006	22	144	72
Apr 2006	18	182	88
May 2006	23	129	49
Jun 2006	20	103	60
Jul 2006	30	98	46
Aug 2006	22	113	54
Sep 2006	33	142	69
Oct 2006	58	136	83
Nov 2006	54	144	84
Dec 2006	30	129	55
Total 2006	357	1617	802
Jan 2007	43	119	65
Feb 2007	62	164	89
Mar 2007	40	141	53
Apr 2007	38	136	61
May 2007	59	203	85
Jun 2007	32	142	84
Jul 2007	40	120	49
Aug 2007	32	140	58
Sep 2007	33	180	73
Oct 2007	30	225	86
Nov 2007	64	220	110
Dec 2007	32	177	69
Total 2007	505	1967	882
Jan 2008	35	168	90
Feb 2008	42	189	92
Mar 2008	36	193	68
Apr 2008	44	238	103
May 2008	47	196	67
Jun 2008	31	199	69
Jul 2008	62	120	51
Aug 2008	83	103	87
Sep 2008	70	217	57
Oct 2008	72	174	52
Nov 2008	85	247	58
Dec 2008	51	167	78
Total 2008	658	2211	872
Jan 2009	70	197	65
Feb 2009	81	206	52
Mar 2009	134	228	88
Apr 2009	70	233	89
May 2009	66	190	89
Jun 2009	67	108	53
Jul 2009	52	208	66
Aug 2009	17	154	62
Sep 2009	33	228	44
Oct 2009	108	234	85
Nov 2009	70	1629	77
Dec 2009	672	352	143
Total 2009	1440	3967	913
Jan 2010	187	280	93
Feb 2010	38	268	97
Mar 2010	52	302	80
Apr 2010	95	276	86
May 2010	42	222	38
Jun 2010	52	198	48
Jul 2010	47	231	55
Aug 2010	46	195	50
Sep 2010	81	257	57
Oct 2010	81	261	74
Nov 2010	87	177	99
Dec 2010	51	181	53
Total 2010	859	2848	830
Jan 2011	70	216	60
Feb 2011	64	200	76
Mar 2011	66	2920	69
Apr 2011	784	915	91
May 2011	328	211	93
Jun 2011	44	352	65
Jul 2011	67	234	45
Aug 2011	50	184	50
Sep 2011	49	313	40
Oct 2011	92	454	65
Nov 2011	95	227	58
Dec 2011	84	193	61
Total 2011	1793	6419	773
Jan 2012	85	191	71
Feb 2012	83	274	61
Mar 2012	85	241	56
Apr 2012	52	219	57
May 2012	65	210	63
Jun 2012	71	176	57
Jul 2012	71	216	47
Aug 2012	65	244	54
Sep 2012	52	187	60
Oct 2012	67	208	51
Nov 2012	56	169	46
Dec 2012	38	175	50
Total 2012	790	2510	673
Jan 2013	42	218	43
Feb 2013	92	288	50
Mar 2013	91	239	79
Apr 2013	114	302	79
May 2013	69	256	63
Jun 2013	39	201	47
Jul 2013	77	197	47
Aug 2013	60	287	62
Sep 2013	51	318	41
Oct 2013	87	195	37
Nov 2013	60	246	31
Dec 2013	62	204	35
Total 2013	844	2951	614
Jan 2014	71	224	34
Feb 2014	106	232	29
Mar 2014	69	179	77
Apr 2014	108	217	91
May 2014	64	126	95
Jun 2014	40	152	71
Jul 2014	40	171	67
Aug 2014	67	169	27
Sep 2014	110	392	25
Oct 2014	78	274	18
Nov 2014	81	217	37
Dec 2014	70	185	24
Total 2014	904	2538	595
Jan 2015	120	325	26
Feb 2015	114	296	27
Mar 2015	88	200	17
Apr 2015	58	199	46
May 2015	50	208	88
Jun 2015	57	188	73
Jul 2015	41	618	53
Aug 2015	70	234	72
Sep 2015	78	339	127
Oct 2015	61	439	91
Nov 2015	79	479	72
Dec 2015	79	349	86
Total 2015	895	3874	778
Jan 2016	44	439	79
Feb 2016	66	303	180
Mar 2016	73	210	99
Apr 2016	60	214	102
May 2016	58	175	124
Jun 2016	66	159	72
Jul 2016	67	154	64
Aug 2016	63	151	68
Sep 2016	47	201	136
Oct 2016	62	376	103
Nov 2016	84	363	105
Dec 2016	86	311	99
Total 2016	776	3056	1231
Jan 2017	47	238	43
Feb 2017	107	210	69
Mar 2017	60	189	42
Apr 2017	58	133	27
May 2017	72	179	36
Jun 2017	38	148	17
Jul 2017	52	131	39
Aug 2017	56	149	76
Sep 2017	69	215	98
Oct 2017	62	208	88
Nov 2017	69	200	77
Dec 2017	37	139	57
Total 2017	727	2139	669
Jan 2018	48	221	50
Feb 2018	74	172	46
Mar 2018	143	271	79
Apr 2018	168	235	68
May 2018	152	241	41
Jun 2018	110	165	26
Jul 2018	91	148	30
Aug 2018	163	196	32
Sep 2018	138	183	27
Oct 2018	30	190	64
Nov 2018	20	377	51
Dec 2018	29	174	39
Total 2018	1166	2573	553
Jan 2019	36	249	81
Feb 2019	37	206	58
Mar 2019	47	167	68
Apr 2019	43	171	58
May 2019	44	183	59
Jun 2019	20	180	47
Jul 2019	26	177	52
Aug 2019	26	186	54
Sep 2019	27	159	45
Oct 2019	38	227	54
Nov 2019	30	201	50
Dec 2019	20	240	31
Total 2019	394	2346	657
Jan 2020	40	229	53
Feb 2020	24	248	47
Mar 2020	52	278	67
Apr 2020	28	254	42
May 2020	31	210	74
Jun 2020	19	237	69
Jul 2020	26	350	69
Aug 2020	28	256	61
Sep 2020	14	287	52
Oct 2020	39	383	83
Nov 2020	36	336	89
Dec 2020	44	260	79
Total 2020	381	3328	785
Jan 2021	26	320	53
Feb 2021	24	299	55
Mar 2021	25	267	63
Apr 2021	33	155	79
Total 2021	108	1041	250
Total	15348	53236	18116