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Research Article

A trophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production

Brian Reed Silliman and Mark D. Bertness
  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912

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PNAS August 6, 2002 99 (16) 10500-10505; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.162366599
Brian Reed Silliman
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Mark D. Bertness
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  1. Communicated by Robert T. Paine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (received for review April 26, 2002)

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Abstract

Nutrient supply is widely thought to regulate primary production of many ecosystems including salt marshes. However, experimental manipulation of the dominant marsh grazer (the periwinkle, Littoraria irrorata) and its consumers (e.g., blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin) demonstrates plant biomass and production are largely controlled by grazers and their predators. Periwinkle grazing can convert one of the most productive grasslands in the world into a barren mudflat within 8 months. Marine predators regulate the abundance of this plant-grazing snail. Thus, top-down control of grazer density is a key regulatory determinant of marsh grass growth. The discovery of this simple trophic cascade implies that over-harvesting of snail predators (e.g., blue crabs) may be an important factor contributing to the massive die-off (tens of km2) of salt marshes across the southeastern United States. In addition, our results contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating widespread, predator regulation of marine macrophyte production via trophic cascades (kelps, seagrasses, intertidal algae).

Footnotes

    • ↵* To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: brian_silliman{at}brown.edu.

  • Abbreviations

    • ind, individual

    • Received April 26, 2002.
    • Accepted June 19, 2002.
    • Copyright © 2002, The National Academy of Sciences
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    A trophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production
    Brian Reed Silliman, Mark D. Bertness
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Aug 2002, 99 (16) 10500-10505; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.162366599

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    A trophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production
    Brian Reed Silliman, Mark D. Bertness
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Aug 2002, 99 (16) 10500-10505; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.162366599
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