WiFi networks and malware epidemiology
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Communicated by Giorgio Parisi, University of Rome, Rome, Italy, November 25, 2008 (received for review September 28, 2007)

Abstract
In densely populated urban areas WiFi routers form a tightly interconnected proximity network that can be exploited as a substrate for the spreading of malware able to launch massive fraudulent attacks. In this article, we consider several scenarios for the deployment of malware that spreads over the wireless channel of major urban areas in the US. We develop an epidemiological model that takes into consideration prevalent security flaws on these routers. The spread of such a contagion is simulated on real-world data for georeferenced wireless routers. We uncover a major weakness of WiFi networks in that most of the simulated scenarios show tens of thousands of routers infected in as little as 2 weeks, with the majority of the infections occurring in the first 24–48 h. We indicate possible containment and prevention measures and provide computational estimates for the rate of encrypted routers that would stop the spreading of the epidemics by placing the system below the percolation threshold.
Footnotes
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: alexv{at}indiana.edu
Author contributions: H.H., S.M., V.C., and A.V. designed research, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- © 2009 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA