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Edited by Bill Thompson, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, and accepted by the Editorial Board January 31, 2009 (received for review November 19, 2008)
Abstract
During the past 20 years there has been much research into the factors that modulate awareness of contralesional information in neurological patients with visual neglect or extinction. However, the potential role of the individual's emotional state in modulating awareness has been largely overlooked. In the current study, we induced a pleasant and positive affective response in patients with chronic visual neglect by allowing them to listen to their pleasant preferred music. We report that the patients showed enhanced visual awareness when tasks were performed under preferred music conditions relative to when tasks were performed either with unpreferred music or in silence. These results were also replicated when positive affect was induced before neglect was tested. Functional MRI data showed enhanced activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus associated with emotional responses when tasks were performed with preferred music relative to unpreferred music. Improved awareness of contralesional (left) targets with preferred music was also associated with a strong functional coupling between emotional areas and attentional brain regions in spared areas of the parietal cortex and early visual areas of the right hemisphere. These findings suggest that positive affect, generated by preferred music, can decrease visual neglect by increasing attentional resources. We discuss the possible roles of arousal and mood in generating these effects.
Footnotes
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: d.soto{at}imperial.ac.uk
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Author contributions: D.S., M.J.F., P.R., and G.W.H. designed research; D.S., M.J.F., A.G.-G., and P.R. performed research; D.S., A.G.-G., T.W., P.R., and G.W.H. analyzed data; and D.S., A.G.-G., P.R., and G.W.H. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. B.T. is a guest editor invited by the Editorial Board.
Pleasant music overcomes the loss of awareness in patients with visual neglect
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