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Research Article

Reconstruction of human elastic cartilage by a CD44+ CD90+ stem cell in the ear perichondrium

Shinji Kobayashi, Takanori Takebe, Midori Inui, Sayaka Iwai, Hiroomi Kan, Yun-Wen Zheng, Jiro Maegawa, and Hideki Taniguchi
  1. Departments of aRegenerative Medicine and
  2. cPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan;
  3. dAdvanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; and
  4. bDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan

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PNAS first published August 11, 2011; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109767108
Shinji Kobayashi
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Takanori Takebe
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Midori Inui
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Sayaka Iwai
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Hiroomi Kan
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Yun-Wen Zheng
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Jiro Maegawa
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Hideki Taniguchi
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  • For correspondence: rtanigu@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
  1. Edited by Robert Langer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and approved July 14, 2011 (received for review June 16, 2011)

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Abstract

Despite the great demands for treating craniofacial injuries or abnormalities, effective treatments are currently lacking. One promising approach involves human elastic cartilage reconstruction using autologous stem/progenitor populations. Nevertheless, definitive evidence of the presence of stem cells in human auricular cartilage remains to be established. Here, we demonstrate that human auricular perichondrium, which can be obtained via a minimally invasive approach, harbors a unique cell population, termed as cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs). The clonogenic progeny of a single CD44+ CD90+ CSPC displays a number of features characteristic of stem cells. Highly chondrogenic CSPCs were shown to reconstruct large (>2 cm) elastic cartilage after extended expansion and differentiation. CSPC-derived cartilage was encapsulated by a perichondrium layer, which contains a CD44+ CD90+ self-renewing stem/progenitor population and was maintained without calcification or tumor formation even after 10 mo. This is a unique report demonstrating the presence of stem cells in auricular cartilage. Utilization of CSPCs will provide a promising reconstructive material for treating craniofacial defects with successful long-term tissue restoration.

  • stem cell identification
  • flow cytometry
  • cell transplantation
  • regenerative medicine
  • plastic surgery

Footnotes

  • ↵1S.K. and T.T. contributed equally to this work.

  • ↵2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rtanigu{at}med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
  • Author contributions: S.K., T.T., and H.T. designed research; S.K., T.T., M.I., S.I., and H.K. performed research; Y.-W.Z. and J.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.K., T.T., Y.-W.Z., and H.T. analyzed data; and T.T. and H.T. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1109767108/-/DCSupplemental.

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

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Reconstruction of human elastic cartilage by a CD44+ CD90+ stem cell in the ear perichondrium
Shinji Kobayashi, Takanori Takebe, Midori Inui, Sayaka Iwai, Hiroomi Kan, Yun-Wen Zheng, Jiro Maegawa, Hideki Taniguchi
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Aug 2011, 201109767; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109767108

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Reconstruction of human elastic cartilage by a CD44+ CD90+ stem cell in the ear perichondrium
Shinji Kobayashi, Takanori Takebe, Midori Inui, Sayaka Iwai, Hiroomi Kan, Yun-Wen Zheng, Jiro Maegawa, Hideki Taniguchi
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Aug 2011, 201109767; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109767108
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