Better explicating the strengths and shortcomings of these models will help refine projections and improve transparency in the years ahead.
Image credit: Witsawat.S.
Edited by David A. Weitz, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved June 6, 2012 (received for review March 22, 2012)
Abstract
Optical microscopy is one of the most widely used diagnostic methods in scientific, industrial, and biomedical applications. However, while useful for detailed examination of a small number (< 10,000) of microscopic entities, conventional optical microscopy is incapable of statistically relevant screening of large populations (> 100,000,000) with high precision due to its low throughput and limited digital memory size. We present an automated flow-through single-particle optical microscope that overcomes this limitation by performing sensitive blur-free image acquisition and nonstop real-time image-recording and classification of microparticles during high-speed flow. This is made possible by integrating ultrafast optical imaging technology, self-focusing microfluidic technology, optoelectronic communication technology, and information technology. To show the system’s utility, we demonstrate high-throughput image-based screening of budding yeast and rare breast cancer cells in blood with an unprecedented throughput of 100,000 particles/s and a record false positive rate of one in a million.
Footnotes
- ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: goda{at}ee.ucla.edu.
Author contributions: K.G. designed research; K.G., A.A., D.R.G., J.S., C.K.L., E.S., C.W., and N.B. performed research; K.G., D.R.G., J.S., C.K.L., E.S., A.M.F., S.C.H., and C.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; K.G., A.A., J.S., C.K.L., A.M.F., J.A., and C.W. analyzed data; and K.G., A.A., D.R.G., D.D.C., and B.J. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1204718109/-/DCSupplemental.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
High-throughput imaging flow analyzer
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