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Research Article

Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Fei Dai, Eviatar Nevo, Dezhi Wu, Jordi Comadran, Meixue Zhou, Long Qiu, Zhonghua Chen, Avigdor Beiles, Guoxiong Chen, and Guoping Zhang
PNAS first published October 2, 2012; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215265109
Fei Dai
aDepartment of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Eviatar Nevo
bInstitute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel;
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  • For correspondence: nevo@research.haifa.ac.il zhanggp@zju.edu.cn
Dezhi Wu
aDepartment of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Jordi Comadran
cJames Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, United Kingdom;
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Meixue Zhou
dTasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia;
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Long Qiu
aDepartment of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Zhonghua Chen
eSchool of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; and
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Avigdor Beiles
bInstitute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel;
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Guoxiong Chen
fCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Guoping Zhang
aDepartment of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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  • For correspondence: nevo@research.haifa.ac.il zhanggp@zju.edu.cn
  1. Contributed by Eviatar Nevo, September 11, 2012 (sent for review August 12, 2012)

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Abstract

The Near East Fertile Crescent is well recognized as a primary center of barley origin, diversity, and domestication. A large number of wild barleys have been collected from the Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by an extreme environment. We used genome-wide diversity array technology markers to analyze the genotypic division between wild barley from the Near East and Tibet. Our results confirmed the existence of Tibetan wild barley and suggested that the split between the wild barleys in the Near East and those in Tibet occurred around 2.76 million years ago (Mya). To test the concept of polyphyletic domestication of barley, we characterized a set of worldwide cultivated barley. Some Chinese hulless and six-rowed barleys showed a close relationship with Tibetan wild barley but showed no common ancestor with other cultivated barley. Our data support the concept of polyphyletic domestication of cultivated barley and indicate that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. The current results may be highly significant in exploring the elite germplasm for barley breeding, especially against cold and drought stresses.

  • adaptation
  • evolution
  • harsh environment

Footnotes

  • ↵1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: nevo{at}research.haifa.ac.il or zhanggp{at}zju.edu.cn.
  • Author contributions: F.D., E.N., and G.Z. designed research; F.D., D.W., J.C., and L.Q. performed research; A.B. and G.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; F.D., D.W., J.C., M.Z., and Z.C. analyzed data; and F.D., E.N., M.Z., Z.C., and G.Z. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. JX271894, JX271895, JX271896, and JX271897).

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1215265109/-/DCSupplemental.

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

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Tibet is a center for barley domestication
Fei Dai, Eviatar Nevo, Dezhi Wu, Jordi Comadran, Meixue Zhou, Long Qiu, Zhonghua Chen, Avigdor Beiles, Guoxiong Chen, Guoping Zhang
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Oct 2012, 201215265; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215265109

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Tibet is a center for barley domestication
Fei Dai, Eviatar Nevo, Dezhi Wu, Jordi Comadran, Meixue Zhou, Long Qiu, Zhonghua Chen, Avigdor Beiles, Guoxiong Chen, Guoping Zhang
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Oct 2012, 201215265; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215265109
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