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Research Article

A neuromorphic network for generic multivariate data classification

Michael Schmuker, Thomas Pfeil, and Martin Paul Nawrot
  1. aNeuroinformatics and Theoretical Neuroscience, Institute for Biology, Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
  2. bBernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10119 Berlin, Germany; and
  3. cKirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

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PNAS first published January 27, 2014; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303053111
Michael Schmuker
aNeuroinformatics and Theoretical Neuroscience, Institute for Biology, Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
bBernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10119 Berlin, Germany; and
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  • For correspondence: m.schmuker@fu-berlin.de
Thomas Pfeil
cKirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Martin Paul Nawrot
aNeuroinformatics and Theoretical Neuroscience, Institute for Biology, Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
bBernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10119 Berlin, Germany; and
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  1. Edited by Terrence J. Sejnowski, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, and approved December 23, 2013 (received for review February 20, 2013)

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Significance

One primary goal of computational neuroscience is to uncover fundamental principles of computations that are performed by the brain. In our work, we took direct inspiration from biology for a technical application of brain-like processing. We make use of neuromorphic hardware—electronic versions of neurons and synapses on a microchip—to implement a neural network inspired by the sensory processing architecture of the nervous system of insects. We demonstrate that this neuromorphic network achieves classification of generic multidimensional data—a widespread problem with many technical applications. Our work provides a proof of concept for using analog electronic microcircuits mimicking neurons to perform real-world computing tasks, and it describes the benefits and challenges of the neuromorphic approach.

Abstract

Computational neuroscience has uncovered a number of computational principles used by nervous systems. At the same time, neuromorphic hardware has matured to a state where fast silicon implementations of complex neural networks have become feasible. En route to future technical applications of neuromorphic computing the current challenge lies in the identification and implementation of functional brain algorithms. Taking inspiration from the olfactory system of insects, we constructed a spiking neural network for the classification of multivariate data, a common problem in signal and data analysis. In this model, real-valued multivariate data are converted into spike trains using “virtual receptors” (VRs). Their output is processed by lateral inhibition and drives a winner-take-all circuit that supports supervised learning. VRs are conveniently implemented in software, whereas the lateral inhibition and classification stages run on accelerated neuromorphic hardware. When trained and tested on real-world datasets, we find that the classification performance is on par with a naïve Bayes classifier. An analysis of the network dynamics shows that stable decisions in output neuron populations are reached within less than 100 ms of biological time, matching the time-to-decision reported for the insect nervous system. Through leveraging a population code, the network tolerates the variability of neuronal transfer functions and trial-to-trial variation that is inevitably present on the hardware system. Our work provides a proof of principle for the successful implementation of a functional spiking neural network on a configurable neuromorphic hardware system that can readily be applied to real-world computing problems.

  • bioinspired computing
  • spiking networks
  • machine learning
  • multivariate classification

Footnotes

  • ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.schmuker{at}fu-berlin.de.
  • Author contributions: M.S. designed research; M.S. and T.P. performed research; M.S. analyzed data; and M.S., T.P., and M.P.N. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1303053111/-/DCSupplemental.

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

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A neuromorphic network for data classification
Michael Schmuker, Thomas Pfeil, Martin Paul Nawrot
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2014, 201303053; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303053111

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A neuromorphic network for data classification
Michael Schmuker, Thomas Pfeil, Martin Paul Nawrot
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2014, 201303053; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303053111
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