Edited by Rino Rappuoli, GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy, and approved November 7, 2018 (received for review March 22, 2018)
Edited by Rino Rappuoli, GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy, and approved November 7, 2018 (received for review March 22, 2018)
↵2D.E.B., D.C., M.J., and M.L. contributed equally to this work and appear in alphabetical order.
Author contributions: J.P.S., D.E.B., D.C., M.J., and M.L. wrote the paper.
Conflict of interest statement: J.P.S. has received personal payments for consulting, speaking, and advisory services to GSK, Pfizer, Merck, the World Health Organization, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He is employed at Data for Decisions, a consultancy, where he has performed research for clients including GSK, Merck, and Pfizer. He receives research funding from Sanofi Pasteur MSD through the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He did not receive specific funding to work on this paper. D.E.B. has received personal payments from GSK, Merck, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Pasteur for consulting, speaking, research, or advisory services related to the value of vaccination and has also received research funding from the WHO and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He did not receive any funding to work on this article. M.L. has received consulting income/honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Affinivax, and Antigen Discovery. He receives research support through Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health from Pfizer and PATH.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
