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Neonicotinoid clothianidin adversely affects insect immunity and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees

Gennaro Di Prisco, Valeria Cavaliere, Desiderato Annoscia, Paola Varricchio, Emilio Caprio, Francesco Nazzi, Giuseppe Gargiulo, and Francesco Pennacchio
PNAS published ahead of print October 21, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314923110
Gennaro Di Prisco
aDipartimento di Agraria, Laboratorio di Entomologia E. Tremblay, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80055 Portici, Italy;
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Valeria Cavaliere
bDipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; and
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Desiderato Annoscia
cDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Paola Varricchio
aDipartimento di Agraria, Laboratorio di Entomologia E. Tremblay, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80055 Portici, Italy;
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Emilio Caprio
aDipartimento di Agraria, Laboratorio di Entomologia E. Tremblay, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80055 Portici, Italy;
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Francesco Nazzi
cDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Giuseppe Gargiulo
bDipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; and
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Francesco Pennacchio
aDipartimento di Agraria, Laboratorio di Entomologia E. Tremblay, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80055 Portici, Italy;
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  • For correspondence: f.pennacchio@unina.it

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