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Investigation of hindwing folding in ladybird beetles by artificial elytron transplantation and microcomputed tomography
Kazuya Saito, Shuhei Nomura, Shuhei Yamamoto, Ryuma Niyama, and Yoji Okabe
Kazuya Saito
aInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan;
Shuhei Nomura
bNational Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan;
Shuhei Yamamoto
cGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan;
Ryuma Niyama
dGraduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
Yoji Okabe
aInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan;
Supporting Information
- Download Supporting Information (PDF)
- Download Movie_S01 (MOV) - Wing-deploying motion of a ladybird beetle imaged with a high-speed camera. The hindwing deployment in the takeoff motion was very fast and completed within 0.1 s from the fully folded state.
- Download Movie_S02 (MOV) - Wing-folding motion of a ladybird beetle imaged with a high-speed camera. Ladybird beetles are known to use their elytra and abdomen for folding. The transplantation of the artificial acrylic elytron enables a detailed observation of these wing-folding techniques.
- Download Movie_S03 (MOV) - Translucent image of the folded hindwing in C. septempunctata reconstructed by the result of the micro-CT scan. The wing is not folded into a flattened shape but has slightly open angles to fit into the storage space between the elytron and abdomen.