Abstract

Acaryochloris marina is a unique cyanobacterium that is able to produce chlorophyll d as its primary photosynthetic pigment and thus efficiently use far-red light for photosynthesis. Acaryochloris species have been isolated from marine environments in association with other oxygenic phototrophs, which may have driven the niche-filling introduction of chlorophyll d. To investigate these unique adaptations, we have sequenced the complete genome of A. marina. The DNA content of A. marina is composed of 8.3 million base pairs, which is among the largest bacterial genomes sequenced thus far. This large array of genomic data is distributed into nine single-copy plasmids that code for >25% of the putative ORFs. Heavy duplication of genes related to DNA repair and recombination (primarily recA) and transposable elements could account for genetic mobility and genome expansion. We discuss points of interest for the biosynthesis of the unusual pigments chlorophyll d and α-carotene and genes responsible for previously studied phycobilin aggregates. Our analysis also reveals that A. marina carries a unique complement of genes for these phycobiliproteins in relation to those coding for antenna proteins related to those in Prochlorococcus species. The global replacement of major photosynthetic pigments appears to have incurred only minimal specializations in reaction center proteins to accommodate these alternate pigments. These features clearly show that the genus Acaryochloris is a fitting candidate for understanding genome expansion, gene acquisition, ecological adaptation, and photosystem modification in the cyanobacteria.

Continue Reading

Data Availability

Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the DNA Data Bank of Japan/European Molecular Biology Laboratory/GenBank databases [accession nos. CP000828 (the main chromosome of A. marina) and CP000838, CP000839, CP000840, CP000841, CP000842, CP000843, CP000844, CP000845, and CP000846 (the nine plasmids, pREB1–pREB9)].

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

We thank Paul Stothard for assistance with the generation of the circular genome and plasmid maps, Brendon Hill at 454 Life Sciences for coordination of 454 sequencing, and Jonathan Eisen for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Phototrophic Prokaryotes Sequencing Project Grant 0412824 and by a Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research (no. 17GS0314) from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science. W.D.S. is funded by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers (no. P07141). M.C. is funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP0665169). Partial support for the participation of P.C.C. and L.E.K. in this research was provided by a grant to Washington University from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program.

Supporting Information

09772Fig5.jpg
09772Fig6.jpg
SI Supporting Materials and Methods
index.html

References

1
A Dufresne, M Salanoubat, F Partensky, F Artiguenave, IM Axmann, V Barbe, S Duprat, MY Galperin, EV Koonin, F Le Gall, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 10020–10025 (2003).
2
T Kaneko, Y Nakamura, CP Wolk, T Kuritz, S Sasamoto, A Watanabe, M Iriguchi, A Ishikawa, K Kawashima, T Kimura, et al. DNA Res 8, 205–213 (2001).
3
H Miyashita, H Ikemoto, N Kurano, S Miyachi, M Chihara J Phycol 39, 1247–1253 (2003).
4
H Miyashita, K Adachi, N Kurano, H Ikemoto, M Chihara, S Miyachi Plant Cell Physiol 38, 274–281 (1997).
5
H Miyashita, H Ikemoto, N Kurano, K Adachi, M Chihara, S Miyachi Nature 383, 402 (1996).
6
J Marquardt, H Senger, H Miyashita, S Miyachi, E Morschel FEBS Lett 410, 428–432 (1997).
7
T Tomo, T Okubo, S Akimoto, M Yokono, H Miyashita, T Tsuchiya, T Noguchi, M Mimuro Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 7283–7288 (2007).
8
Q Hu, H Miyashita, II Iwasaki, N Kurano, S Miyachi, M Iwaki, S Itoh Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 13319–13323 (1998).
9
D Shevela, B Noring, HJ Eckert, J Messinger, G Renger PhysChemChemPhys 8, 3460–3466 (2006).
10
M Kuhl, M Chen, PJ Ralph, U Schreiber, AWD Larkum Nature 433, 820 (2005).
11
S Ohkubo, H Miyashita, A Murakami, H Takeyama, T Tsuchiya, M Mimuro Appl Environ Microbiol 72, 7912–7915 (2006).
12
A Murakami, H Miyashita, M Iseki, K Adachi, M Mimuro Science 303, 1633 (2004).
13
SR Miller, S Augustine, TL Le Olson, RE Blankenship, J Selker, AM Wood Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102, 850–855 (2005).
14
A de los Rios, M Grube, LG Sancho, C Ascaso FEMS Microbiol Ecol 59, 386–395 (2007).
15
C McNamara, T Perry, K Bearce, G Hernandez-Duque, R Mitchell Microb Ecol 51, 51–64 (2006).
16
MC Smith, JP Bowman, FJ Scott, MA Line Antarct Sci 12, 177–184 (2000).
17
T Kaneko, S Sato, H Kotani, A Tanaka, E Asamizu, Y Nakamura, N Miyajima, M Hirosawa, M Sugiura, S Sasamoto, et al. DNA Res 3, 109–136 (1996).
18
G Rocap, FW Larimer, J Lamerdin, S Malfatti, P Chain, NA Ahlgren, A Arellano, M Coleman, L Hauser, WR Hess, et al. Nature 424, 1042–1047 (2003).
19
B Palenik, Q Ren, CL Dupont, GS Myers, JF Heidelberg, JH Badger, R Madupu, WC Nelson, LM Brinkac, RJ Dodson, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 13555–13559 (2006).
20
B Palenik, B Brahamsha, FW Larimer, M Land, L Hauser, P Chain, J Lamerdin, W Regala, EE Allen, J McCarren, et al. Nature 424, 1037–1042 (2003).
21
KT Konstantinidis, JM Tiedje Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 3160–3165 (2004).
22
KC Smith BioEssays 26, 1322–1326 (2004).
23
N Norioka, MY Hsu, S Inouye, M Inouye J Bacteriol 177, 4179–4182 (1995).
24
P Pham, S Rangarajan, R Woodgate, MF Goodman Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 8350–8354 (2001).
25
RL Cross, V Muller FEBS Lett 576, 1–4 (2004).
26
MJ McInerney, L Rohlin, H Mouttaki, U Kim, RS Krupp, L Rios-Hernandez, J Sieber, CG Struchtemeyer, A Bhattacharyya, JW Campbell, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 7600–7605 (2007).
27
T Meier, P Polzer, K Diederichs, W Welte, P Dimroth Science 308, 659–662 (2005).
28
RS Gloag, RJ Ritchie, M Chen, AWD Larkum, RG Quinnell Biochim Biophys Acta 1767, 127–135 (2007).
29
WD Swingley, MF Hohmann-Marriott, T Le Olson, RE Blankenship Appl Environ Microbiol 71, 8606–8610 (2005).
30
SI Beale Photosynth Res 60, 43–73 (1999).
31
A Tanaka, H Ito, R Tanaka, NK Tanaka, K Yoshida, K Okada Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 12719–12723 (1998).
32
G Layer, DW Heinz, D Jahn, WD Schubert Curr Opin Chem Biol 8, 468–476 (2004).
33
N Nagata, R Tanaka, S Satoh, A Tanaka Plant Cell 17, 233–240 (2005).
34
P Stickforth, S Steiger, WR Hess, G Sandmann Arch Microbiol 179, 409–415 (2003).
35
JA Maresca, JE Graham, M Wu, JA Eisen, DA Bryant Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 11784–11789 (2007).
36
FX Cunningham, ZR Sun, D Chamovitz, J Hirschberg, E Gantt Plant Cell 6, 1107–1121 (1994).
37
N Adir Photosynth Res 85, 15–32 (2005).
38
M Chen, Y Zhang, RE Blankenship Photosynth Res 95, 147–154 (2008).
39
M Chen, TS Bibby Photosynth Res 86, 165–173 (2005).
40
TS Bibby, J Nield, M Chen, AWD Larkum, J Barber Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 9050–9054 (2003).
41
M Chen, RG Quinnell, AW Larkum FEBS Lett 514, 149–152 (2002).
42
M Chen, RG Hiller, CJ Howe, AWD Larkum Mol Biol Evol 22, 21–28 (2005).
43
KP Michel, EK Pistorius Physiol Plant 120, 36–50 (2004).
44
L Garczarek, WR Hess, J Holtzendorff, GWM van der Staay, F Partensky Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97, 4098–4101 (2000).
45
M Chen, TS Bibby, J Nield, AWD Larkum, J Barber FEBS Lett 579, 1306–1310 (2005).
46
P Jordan, P Fromme, HT Witt, O Klukas, W Saenger, N Krauss Nature 411, 909–917 (2001).
47
H Inoue, T Tsuchiya, S Satoh, H Miyashita, T Kaneko, S Tabata, A Tanaka, M Mimuro FEBS Lett 578, 275–279 (2004).
48
S Itoh, H Mino, K Itoh, T Shigenaga, T Uzumaki, M Iwaki Biochemistry 46, 12473–12481 (2007).
49
M Chen, LL Eggink, JK Hoober, AWD Larkum J Am Chem Soc 127, 2052–2053 (2005).
50
WD Swingley, S Sadekar, SD Mastrian, HJ Matthies, J Hao, H Ramos, CR Acharya, AL Conrad, HL Taylor, LC Dejesa, et al. J Bacteriol 189, 683–690 (2007).
51
SF Altschul, W Gish, W Miller, EW Myers, DJ Lipman J Mol Biol 215, 403–410 (1990).
52
K Tamura, J Dudley, M Nei, S Kumar Mol Biol Evol 24, 1596–1599 (2007).
53
AJ Enright, S Van Dongen, CA Ouzounis Nucleic Acids Res 30, 1575–1584 (2002).
54
P Stothard, DS Wishart Bioinformatics 21, 537–539 (2005).

Information & Authors

Information

Published in

The cover image for PNAS Vol.105; No.6
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Vol. 105 | No. 6
February 12, 2008
PubMed: 18252824

Classifications

Data Availability

Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the DNA Data Bank of Japan/European Molecular Biology Laboratory/GenBank databases [accession nos. CP000828 (the main chromosome of A. marina) and CP000838, CP000839, CP000840, CP000841, CP000842, CP000843, CP000844, CP000845, and CP000846 (the nine plasmids, pREB1–pREB9)].

Submission history

Received: October 19, 2007
Published online: February 12, 2008
Published in issue: February 12, 2008

Change history

December 14, 2023: The SI Appendix has been updated.

Keywords

  1. comparative microbial genomics
  2. photosynthesis
  3. oxygenic phototrophs
  4. evolution

Acknowledgments

We thank Paul Stothard for assistance with the generation of the circular genome and plasmid maps, Brendon Hill at 454 Life Sciences for coordination of 454 sequencing, and Jonathan Eisen for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Phototrophic Prokaryotes Sequencing Project Grant 0412824 and by a Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research (no. 17GS0314) from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science. W.D.S. is funded by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers (no. P07141). M.C. is funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP0665169). Partial support for the participation of P.C.C. and L.E.K. in this research was provided by a grant to Washington University from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program.

Notes

This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0709772105/DC1.

Authors

Affiliations

Wesley D. Swingley
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;
Min Chen
School of Biological Sciences (A08), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
Patricia C. Cheung
Departments of Biology and
Amber L. Conrad
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
Liza C. Dejesa
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
Jicheng Hao
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
Barbara M. Honchak
Departments of Biology and
Lauren E. Karbach
Departments of Biology and
Ahmet Kurdoglu
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
Surobhi Lahiri
Departments of Biology and
Chemistry, Washington University, Campus Box 1337, St. Louis, MO 63130;
Stephen D. Mastrian
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
Hideaki Miyashita
Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
Lawrence Page
Departments of Biology and
Pushpa Ramakrishna
Chandler Gilbert Community College, 2626 Pecos Road, Chandler, AZ 85225;
Soichirou Satoh
Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
W. Matthew Sattley
Departments of Biology and
Yuichiro Shimada
Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
Heather L. Taylor
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
Tatsuya Tomo
Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
Tohru Tsuchiya
Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
Zi T. Wang
Departments of Biology and
Jason Raymond
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95344; and
Mamoru Mimuro
Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
Robert E. Blankenship
Departments of Biology and
Chemistry, Washington University, Campus Box 1337, St. Louis, MO 63130;
Jeffrey W. Touchman§§ [email protected]
Translational Genomics Research Institute, 13208 East Shea Boulevard, Suite 110, Scottsdale, AZ 85259;
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287

Notes

§§
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Author contributions: R.E.B., H.M., M.M., and J.W.T. designed research; A.L.C., L.C.D., J.H., A.K., S.D.M., H.L.T., J.R., and J.W.T. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; W.D.S., M.C., P.C.C., A.L.C., L.C.D., B.M.H., L.E.K., A.K., S.L., S.D.M., H.M., L.P., P.R., S.S., W.M.S., Y.S., H.L.T., T. Tomo, T. Tsuchiya, Z.T.W., and R.E.B. analyzed data; and W.D.S. and M.C. wrote the paper.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Note: The article usage is presented with a three- to four-day delay and will update daily once available. Due to ths delay, usage data will not appear immediately following publication. Citation information is sourced from Crossref Cited-by service.


Citation statements

Altmetrics

Citations

Export the article citation data by selecting a format from the list below and clicking Export.

Cited by

    Loading...

    View Options

    View options

    PDF format

    Download this article as a PDF file

    DOWNLOAD PDF

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Personal login Institutional Login

    Recommend to a librarian

    Recommend PNAS to a Librarian

    Purchase options

    Purchase this article to access the full text.

    Single Article Purchase

    Niche adaptation and genome expansion in the chlorophyll d-producing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    • Vol. 105
    • No. 6
    • pp. 1775-2253

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share article link

    Share on social media