DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China
Contributed by Svante Pääbo, December 11, 2012 (sent for review September 21, 2012)
Abstract
Hominins with morphology similar to present-day humans appear in the fossil record across Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 y ago. The genetic relationships between these early modern humans and present-day human populations have not been established. We have extracted DNA from a 40,000-y-old anatomically modern human from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China. Using a highly scalable hybridization enrichment strategy, we determined the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genome, the entire nonrepetitive portion of chromosome 21 (∼30 Mbp), and over 3,000 polymorphic sites across the nuclear genome of this individual. The nuclear DNA sequences determined from this early modern human reveal that the Tianyuan individual derived from a population that was ancestral to many present-day Asians and Native Americans but postdated the divergence of Asians from Europeans. They also show that this individual carried proportions of DNA variants derived from archaic humans similar to present-day people in mainland Asia.
Data Availability
Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. KC417443) and Sequence Read Archive (accession no. ERP002037).
Acknowledgments
We thank Wu Xinzhi and Tong Haowen for their continual support, which made our work possible; Emily M. Leproust, Götz Frommer, and Leonardo Brizuela from Agilent Technologies for kindly providing special oligonucleotide arrays and technical advice; Martin Kircher and Birgit Nickel for invaluable technical help; Johannes Krause, Michael Lachmann, Daniel Lawson, Nick Patterson, Joseph Pickrell, David Reich, and Mark Stoneking for comments on the manuscript; and The Max Planck Society and its Presidential Innovation Fund, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant XDA05130202), and the Basic Research Data Projects (Grant 2007FY110200) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for financial support.
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Cover image: Pictured are Adélie penguins starting a dive in Lützow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. Yuuki Y. Watanabe and Akinori Takahashi deployed a video camera (on the back) and two accelerometers (on the head and back) on free-swimming Adélie penguins to better understand how these birds catch prey such as krill and fish in the water. The findings suggest that the foraging success of the penguins depends on a small number of successful dives. See the article by Watanabe and Takahashi on pages 2199–2204. Image courtesy of Yuuki Y. Watanabe.
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Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
Data Availability
Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. KC417443) and Sequence Read Archive (accession no. ERP002037).
Submission history
Published online: January 22, 2013
Published in issue: February 5, 2013
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Acknowledgments
We thank Wu Xinzhi and Tong Haowen for their continual support, which made our work possible; Emily M. Leproust, Götz Frommer, and Leonardo Brizuela from Agilent Technologies for kindly providing special oligonucleotide arrays and technical advice; Martin Kircher and Birgit Nickel for invaluable technical help; Johannes Krause, Michael Lachmann, Daniel Lawson, Nick Patterson, Joseph Pickrell, David Reich, and Mark Stoneking for comments on the manuscript; and The Max Planck Society and its Presidential Innovation Fund, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant XDA05130202), and the Basic Research Data Projects (Grant 2007FY110200) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for financial support.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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