Table 1.

Estimated 2009 mean bundle prices by Carnegie type

 Publisher Research 1, $Research 2,$ Master’s, \$ Elsevier 1,159,137 366,771 89,190 Springer 382,286 184,583 52,692 Wiley 329,535 94,072 30,726 Taylor & Francis* 299,712 72,536 n.a. Sage 114,015 61,378 26,586 ACS 62,743 42,119 22,227 OUP 61,602 28,253 4,543 CUP 37,395 19,725 9,592 Emerald† 24,462 7,590 6,661
• * Our sample of Taylor & Francis contracts consists of only five research 1 institutions and one research 2 institution. We used a simple regression of expenditures on full-time equivalent enrollment to estimate average costs for research 1 institutions. We used actual expenditures on the single research 2 institution (University of Montana) for which we had a contract. n.a, not available.

• We observed only three Emerald contracts with research 2 institutions and only one (with the California State University library consortium) for master’s institutions. Thus, we simply used sample means to estimate mean expenditures for research 2 and master’s institutions for Emerald.